Implementing Young Adult Court in Minnesota

By
Sarah Dohm
47 Mitchell Hamline L.J. of Pub. Pol’y and Prac. 246 (2026)

Young Adult Court (YAC), also referred to as Emerging Adult Court, is a problem-solving court for criminal defendants in emerging adulthood (approximately age 18-25) that has been implemented in a growing number of jurisdictions across the U.S. YAC is designed based on research showing that young adults are fundamentally different from both juveniles and older adults in how they process information and make decisions. This research indicates that the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for cognitive processing and impulse control, does not fully develop until the early to mid-20s. Emerging adults are malleable and go through significant cognitive and social changes during this transitional stage of life. Based on this research, YAC aims to provide alternatives to incarceration, reduce recidivism, and provide developmentally appropriate interventions for defendants in this age group. Each YAC program is unique based on the jurisdiction, but common interventions include stable housing support, school reengagement, workforce development, mental health services, overall health services, and substance use treatment. By utilizing interventions designed specifically for this age group, YAC aims to address many of the underlying factors related to criminal behavior to improve participants’ life circumstances and prevent criminal behavior. This paper first examines young adults in criminal court, elements of YAC initiatives currently being implemented across the U.S., and best practices taken from evaluations of YAC and other problem-solving court programs. This understanding of YAC is then applied to Minnesota specifically, which does not currently have a complete YAC model. This will be done by examining Minnesota’s criminal court system, the state population overall, current problem-solving courts, and applying YAC best practices to suggest an approach for implementing YAC in Minnesota.